Optimal. Leaf size=77 \[ -\frac {2 a^2 \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a-b} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{(a-b)^{3/2} (a+b)^{3/2}}-\frac {a \cot (x)}{a^2-b^2}+\frac {b \csc (x)}{a^2-b^2} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.07, antiderivative size = 77, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 7, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 13, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.462, Rules used = {2806, 3852, 8,
2686, 2738, 211} \begin {gather*} -\frac {2 a^2 \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a-b} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{(a-b)^{3/2} (a+b)^{3/2}}-\frac {a \cot (x)}{a^2-b^2}+\frac {b \csc (x)}{a^2-b^2} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 8
Rule 211
Rule 2686
Rule 2738
Rule 2806
Rule 3852
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {\cot ^2(x)}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx &=\frac {a \int \csc ^2(x) \, dx}{a^2-b^2}-\frac {a^2 \int \frac {1}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx}{a^2-b^2}-\frac {b \int \cot (x) \csc (x) \, dx}{a^2-b^2}\\ &=-\frac {a \text {Subst}(\int 1 \, dx,x,\cot (x))}{a^2-b^2}-\frac {\left (2 a^2\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{a+b+(a-b) x^2} \, dx,x,\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{a^2-b^2}+\frac {b \text {Subst}(\int 1 \, dx,x,\csc (x))}{a^2-b^2}\\ &=-\frac {2 a^2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a-b} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {a+b}}\right )}{(a-b)^{3/2} (a+b)^{3/2}}-\frac {a \cot (x)}{a^2-b^2}+\frac {b \csc (x)}{a^2-b^2}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.36, size = 67, normalized size = 0.87 \begin {gather*} -\frac {2 a^2 \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {(a-b) \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {-a^2+b^2}}\right )}{\left (-a^2+b^2\right )^{3/2}}+\frac {-a \cot (x)+b \csc (x)}{a^2-b^2} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.14, size = 78, normalized size = 1.01
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{2 a -2 b}-\frac {2 a^{2} \arctan \left (\frac {\left (a -b \right ) \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right )}}\right )}{\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right ) \sqrt {\left (a -b \right ) \left (a +b \right )}}-\frac {1}{2 \left (a +b \right ) \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}\) | \(78\) |
risch | \(-\frac {2 i \left (-b \,{\mathrm e}^{i x}+a \right )}{\left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i x}-1\right ) \left (a^{2}-b^{2}\right )}+\frac {a^{2} \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}+\frac {i a^{2}-i b^{2}+a \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}{b \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}\, \left (a +b \right ) \left (a -b \right )}-\frac {a^{2} \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}-\frac {i a^{2}-i b^{2}-a \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}{b \sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-a^{2}+b^{2}}\, \left (a +b \right ) \left (a -b \right )}\) | \(188\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F(-2)]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Exception raised: ValueError} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A]
time = 0.47, size = 230, normalized size = 2.99 \begin {gather*} \left [\frac {\sqrt {-a^{2} + b^{2}} a^{2} \log \left (\frac {2 \, a b \cos \left (x\right ) + {\left (2 \, a^{2} - b^{2}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, \sqrt {-a^{2} + b^{2}} {\left (a \cos \left (x\right ) + b\right )} \sin \left (x\right ) - a^{2} + 2 \, b^{2}}{b^{2} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} + 2 \, a b \cos \left (x\right ) + a^{2}}\right ) \sin \left (x\right ) + 2 \, a^{2} b - 2 \, b^{3} - 2 \, {\left (a^{3} - a b^{2}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )}{2 \, {\left (a^{4} - 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} + b^{4}\right )} \sin \left (x\right )}, -\frac {\sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}} a^{2} \arctan \left (-\frac {a \cos \left (x\right ) + b}{\sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}} \sin \left (x\right )}\right ) \sin \left (x\right ) - a^{2} b + b^{3} + {\left (a^{3} - a b^{2}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )}{{\left (a^{4} - 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} + b^{4}\right )} \sin \left (x\right )}\right ] \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\cot ^{2}{\left (x \right )}}{a + b \cos {\left (x \right )}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A]
time = 0.49, size = 91, normalized size = 1.18 \begin {gather*} \frac {2 \, {\left (\pi \left \lfloor \frac {x}{2 \, \pi } + \frac {1}{2} \right \rfloor \mathrm {sgn}\left (-2 \, a + 2 \, b\right ) + \arctan \left (-\frac {a \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right ) - b \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )}{\sqrt {a^{2} - b^{2}}}\right )\right )} a^{2}}{{\left (a^{2} - b^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}} + \frac {\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )}{2 \, {\left (a - b\right )}} - \frac {1}{2 \, {\left (a + b\right )} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [B]
time = 0.54, size = 86, normalized size = 1.12 \begin {gather*} \frac {\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{2\,a-2\,b}-\frac {2\,a^2\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\,\left (a^2-b^2\right )}{{\left (a+b\right )}^{3/2}\,\sqrt {a-b}}\right )}{{\left (a+b\right )}^{3/2}\,{\left (a-b\right )}^{3/2}}-\frac {a-b}{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\,\left (a+b\right )\,\left (2\,a-2\,b\right )} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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